Broken window concept

The â€Å"broken window† concept is among the most popular frameworks, designed for better understanding of the nature of crime and its prevention. George Kelling was the first criminologist, who suggested that even tiny problems are visible – for instance, a broken window points to the house owner’s ignorance and indifference. The paper is intended to discuss the concept and its application in details.â€Å"The essence of â€Å"broken windows† is that neighborhood disorder –physical decay, such as graffiti, litter and dilapidation; and minor misconduct, such as public drinking and vagrancy – will, if left unchecked, signal potential miscreants that no one is watching† (Miller, 2001, p. 27). This means, grave crimes begin with minor misdemeanors, and notorious criminals like serial killers often ‘begin with’ drug or alcohol abuse, which grow into social pathology, constantly reinforced by the conviction in the overall perm issiveness (Miller, 2001).Conversely, when eliminating the traces of minor misconducts like litter and graffiti in public places, the visitors become more conscientious about the overall public safety in this place. At first, the concept was applied in subways: Bratton, who received a piece of â€Å"broken window† advice from Kelling and subsequently wrote: â€Å"Fare evasion was the biggest broken window in the transit system. We were going to fix that window and see that it didn’t get broken again† (Miller, 2001, p.28). Thus, the group increased the number of policemen, supposed to detect the stowaway passengers – as a result, they found that a number of these ‘wrongdoers’ carried illegal arms and some of them had light drugs like marijuana. Finally, the subway became much cleaner and safer, as the number of combats and conflicts substantially decreased. Later, Mr. Bretton was hired as New York police commissioner, assigned to struggle with street prostitution.Violent and aggressive behavior and public drinking. The executive of the law enforcement agency introduced new computerized systems of surveillance in public places and increased the staff of the agency –as a result, the number of felony crimes fell beyond the expected decrease of the aforementioned misdemeanors (Miller, 2001). On the other hand, the causes of crime are still vague, as a complex of factors contribute. Most studies, however, empirically confirmed the â€Å"broken window† idea.For instance, Skogan conducted document analysis and scrutinized the earlier surveys in more than 40 localities. â€Å"He found that measures of social and physical decay correlated with certain kinds of serious crimes† (Miller, 2001, p. 28). On the other hand, new obstacles to policing emerged. As Kelling notes (1999), proactive approach to policing (prevention of crimes through putting the â€Å"broken window† concept into practice) is nowadays viewed by public as â€Å"soft policing†.On the other hand , â€Å"Community policing is inherently proactive: scan for problems; diagnose them; try to prevent them from occurring again; if they recur, try to limit the damage and restore the victim/family/community’s functioning† (Kelling, 1999, p. 10). This means, community policing often involves much more efforts than â€Å"crime fighting†, as in this case the commissioner or the police officer acts as an strategic analyst, supposed to have the ability to anticipate problems.Kelling’s approach to policing inherently includes regular interviews with community members, which means, police officers should keep in touch with the residents in order to identify the discuss the problems the community members are concerned about. In addition, the functioning of the whole law enforcement apparatus should be more transparent for community members, i. e. they should have an opportunity to learn the reason s for their neighbor’s arrest, for instance, as this measure is likely to act as a deterrent for others and a reminder about the policy’s care about public safety.On the other hand, a number of critics expressed their fear of the possible tendency for the expansion of the â€Å"soft policing† and the substantial elimination of reactive and radical measures. In this sense, Kelling alleges: â€Å" The fact that police add options to their repertoire of methods, try to limit damage and restore functioning does not mean that conventional assertive law enforcement is disallowed as a legitimate police tactic.For example, understanding the dynamics of New York City’s â€Å"squeegee men† –unwanted car window washers who intimidate drivers into giving them money – and talking to them did nothing to deter their behavior† (Kelling, 1999, p. 11). Nevertheless, as one can understand, civil law can be used by the police – as Kelling s tates, the new initiatives including such penalties like forfeiture, restitution and civil fines are placed upon those committing domestic violence, illegal weapons possession or disclose aggressive racist behavior.This means, a punishment should refer to the least possible intervention into the person’s life: for instance, if a criminal is not aggressive or dangerous and hasn’t committed grave crime, arrest is likely to appear a redundant measure. To sum up, the ‘broken window’ approach to policing refers not merely to the elimination of minor crimes, but also to the overall prevention of deviance and more extensive use of civil liberties in the issues like discretion.In general, Kerlling’s position is positivistic, as he views individuals as basically disciplined and law-abiding, but in order to increase public awareness in the importance of citizens’ own efforts in the sphere of public safety, it is important to show them that the police a re sensitive and responsive even to the minor misconducts. Reference list Miller, D. (2001). Poking Holes in the Theory of ‘Broken Window’. Chronicle of Higher Education, 2: 27-34. Kelling, G. (1999). â€Å"Broken Windows† and Police Discretion. National Institute of Justice Research Report. Available online at: http://www. ncjrs. org/pdffiles1/nij/178259. pdf

Elementary school Essay

1. 1 Age 1. 2 Gender 1. 3 Family income 2. What are the effects computer online games on the study habits of selected grade VI pupils at San Gabriel Elementary School? 3. Is there any significant difference on the effects of computer online games to the respondents’’ study habits in terms of their profile? HYPOTHESIS This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference on the perception of the respondent between the effects of computer online games and the study habit of grade VI pupils of San Gabriel Elementary school. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. This research is important to the Parents of the youth. For them to know what are thing that influence using online games. Also to prevent the bad influence of online games to their children, for parents to be able to protect their children from influence of online games. To the youth, they should know the effects of online games to their study habit. Children should know the limitation of using online games and set their priorities. To the teacher, the second parents of the youth. This research is important to guide them to handle this kind of situation and to know how to assess their pupils. Future researchers can make use the results of this study as a basis for them to conduct similar studies of the effect of the computer online games on the study habits. SCOPE AND DELIMINATION OF THE STUDY This study was conducted at San Gabriel Elementary school to find out the effects of the study habits games on academic performance at selected grade VI pupils for the second semester year 2013-2014. The study made use of descriptive correlation method utilizing the questionnaire checklist to gathered data on the respondents. The respondent of this study were (100) selected grade VI pupils of San Gabriel Elementary school. This study focused only on the perceptions of the respondent who were being engaged in computer online games. DEFINITION OF TERMS Age is the length of time during which a being or thing has existed; length of life or existence to the time spoken of or referred to: Computer an electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations. Effects a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause: Elementary Education is used for schools where children from the age of about five receive primary education in some countries. Euphoric characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness Games this is the way of entertaining oneself; Internet is an electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world. Pupils a student in school Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. Selected carefully choose as being the best or most suitable Study habits are defined as the regular tendencies and practices that one depicts during the process of gaining information through learning. Your study habits play a big role in determining your success in the learning process. Survey a method for collecting quantitative information about items in a population. COLLEGE OF ST. CATHERINE QUEZON CITY 362 Quirino Highway, Sangandaan Quezon, City 1116* Tel. No: 330-4883/330-3620 CHAPTER 2q REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents review of related literature and studies that were utilized to strengthen the conceptual background of the study including those conducted in the Philippines and abroad. QUESTIONNAIRE DIRECTION: Please fill in the needed information below. Check the ( ) the corresponds to year answer. Name: ________________________________________ Age : ________ sex: ( ) male ( ) female 1. How much your penetration (â€Å"baon†) 10-25 Pesos ( )30-40 Pesos ( )50-100 Pesos ( ) 2. How much your budget to play online games. 10-25 Pesos ( )30-40 Pesos ( )50-100 Pesos ( ) 3. how much you spend time using online games. 1-2 hrs ( )2-3 hrs ( )4-5 ( ) 4. What type of games you like to play the most? ( ) action game ( ) adventure game ( ) racing game ( ) counter strike ( ) DOTA ( ) puzzle and soduko QUESTIONS YES NO 1. Do you love playing computer games? 2. Do you think playing computer games is easily addicted? 3. Do you think addicted to computer games will change your personality? 4. Do you think addicted to computer games brings negative impacts to our daily life? 5. Do you think obsessed on playing computer games will affect your academic results? 6. Do you think we can achieve a balance between playing computer games and studying? 7. Do you think addicted to computer games will affect the relationship with your family members? 8. Do you think discussing computer games always be the topic between you and your friend? 9. Do you think discussing computer games will enhance the relationship between you and your friends? 10. Do you think computer games addiction is a serious problem?

Marketing Engineering – Ford Hotel

Curso: Analisis Cuantitativo y Toma de decisiones: Fecha: 09 Marzo 2013 Integrantes: – Monica Calderon – Monica Chavez – Monica Escobar – Julio Jaramillo – Sandra Saco Vertiz Case 3: Positioning the Infiniti G20 EXERCISES 1. Using the data in Exhibit 1 and the associated perceptual mapping software, describe the two (or, if applicable, three) dimensions underlying the perceptual maps that you generated. Based on these maps, how do people in this market perceive the Infiniti G20 compared with its competitors? El G20 es visto como un automovil atractivo y exitoso.Muy bien posicionado junto a otras marcas de la gama como BMW y Honda 2. Infiniti promoted the G20 as a Japanese car (basic version $17,500) with a German feel, basically a car that was like the BMW 318i ($20,000), but lower priced. Is this a credible claim, given the perceptions and preferences of the respondents? Los 2 principales competidores del G20 son BMW 318i and the Honda Prelude. Es una dificil tarea promocionar el G20 sobre el BMW 318i en alto prestigio y atractivo; este ultimo punto punto es subjetivo y los gustos del publico pueden cambiar facilmente.El prestigio del auto puede ser promocionado, pero con menor precio del G20 vs BMW, el publico podria percibir que el auto mas caro es el que mas prestigio tiene. De acuerdo a la data y en comparacion con el BMW 318i, el G20 tiene menor precio, elevado ahorro en combustible y larga garantia. Promocionar estos puntos del mercado el G20 tiene un gran valor sobre el BMW 318i es la mejor solucion y puede ser muy bien apreciado por los consumidores. 3. Which attributes are most important in influencing preference for these cars in the three segments (S1, S2 and S3) shown on these maps?To which segment(s) would you market the Infiniti G20? How would you reposition the Infiniti G20 to best suit the chosen segment(s)? Briefly describe the marketing program you would use to target the chosen segment(s). Los mas important es atributos por segmento son: Segment 1 (S1): Hi Prestige, Quiet, Interesting, and Common. Segment 2 (S2): Roomy, Easy Service, and Sporty. Segment 3 (S3): Unreliable, Poor value and Poorly built. El mercado para Infiniti G20 serian los segments 1 and 2, porque ellos aparecen como el modelo ideal de clientes para Infiniti.Ellos comparten las mismas cualidades y estilo de auto que estamos produciendo. Adicionalmente podriamos reposicionar el G20 como lujoso, deportivo, confortable, logrando satisfacer los requerimientos del consumidor de ambos segmentos. 4. What ongoing research program would you recommend to Infiniti to improve its evaluation of its segmentation of the market and positioning of its G20? Podria recomendar a Infiniti invertir mas tiempo concentrando o mejorando los atributos menos valorados por los consumidores, a la vez que podria encontrar la forma de hacerlos mas economicos e interesantes.Ayudando tanto a mejorar su produccion, costos y a la vez mejorar la percepc ion del producto de parte de los clientes. 5. Summarize the advantages and limitations of the software provided for this application. Consideramos una limitante que el programe no brinde una explicacion de los resultados, o una interpretacion de los escenarios. Como ventaja podemos considerar que nos permite visualizar el impacto de cada uno de los atributos en el consumidor, y en base a esa informacion ofrecer mejoras en el producto final. Case 4: Forte Hotel DesignEXERCISES 1. Design: Using a blank Excel spreadsheet, follow Step 1 in the Conjoint Tutorial and develop a Study Design Template (ME>XL==>Conjoint==>Create Study Design Template) for Forte, using the attributes and levels from Exhibit 1. Next, follow Step 2 in the Tutorial, Create a data collection instrument, selecting â€Å"Ratings† method and â€Å"1† for the number of respondents (you). When you are done, check to be sure that your sheet looks like the â€Å"Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 1 Ratings)† data set in My Marketing Engineering.Then, briefly summarize the advantages and limitations of describing products as bundles of attribute options. En este ejercicio creamos los atributos y los diferentes niveles de cada atributo, familiarizandonos con el uso de la herramienta. 2. Utility assessment: Using the sheet that you created in Question 1, rate each of the bundles, giving your most preferred bundle â€Å"100† and your least preferred bundle â€Å"0,† as described in Step 3 in the Tutorial.When you are done, follow Step 4 in the Tutorial and perform a utility assessment for yourself (ME>XL==>Conjoint==>Create Study Design Template>>Estimate Preference Part Worths). Interpret your own preferences on the resulting Part Worths Sheet. Como resultado del ejercicio Podemos interpretar que Monica prefiere la habitacion con un escritorio y prioriza el telefono al internet. Desea entretenimiento exterior para practicar actividades deportivas. Le encanta la limpieza per sonal y desea sus zapatos bien lustrados.Tambien prefiera acercarse al restaurant al delivery. 3. Open the â€Å"Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 2 Partworths)† data set in My Marketing Engineering and review the Partworths developed from the respondents in this case. Based on your experiences in completing these tasks, summarize the advantages and limitations of conjoint analysis for obtaining preference data from customers. Respondents' Preference Partworths Respondents' preference partworths. The most preferred profiles sum up to 100, the least preferred to 0.Respondents / Small Suite Large Room Room Office Internet access Speaker phone Attributes and Levels 0 9 11 52 13 Amanda 10 37 0 0 9 Ann 26 0 10 21 0 Bruce 8 0 22 13 25 Byron 34 0 30 0 16 Byung 45 0 16 0 2 Colleen 17 7 0 7 24 Courtney 15 0 12 0 14 Daniel 13 0 24 10 23 Dierdre 11 20 0 9 0 Elio 0 27 7 4 0 Eugene 8 0 31 8 0 Frank 20 0 14 0 7 Gabriel 0 19 5 10 22 George 14 31 0 14 0 Gina 6 16 0 0 16 Hans 0 7 47 0 8 Hector 34 0 16 6 27 Jin Hyuk Room fax 0 3 14 0 11 0 0 38 0 19 2 10 21 0 13 9 25 0 Ventajas: Permite identificar la combinacion de atributos preferidos por los consumidores.Explotar los atributos preferidos o mas valorados con un adecuado plan de marketing. Permite caracterizar perfiles de los clientes y asi poder enfocar mejor nuestras ofertas. Limitaciones: No podemos segmentar completamente a nuestra oferta hacia el consumidor (salvo que la base sea estadisticamente robusta). Requiere de un analisis cualitativo previa para identificar las variables a considerar. 4. Analysis: Open the Forte Hotel Data (Conjoint, 3 Analysis) data set in My Marketing Engineering, which has competed Steps 5 and 6 in the Tutorial for you.Follow Step 7 in the Tutorial, ((ME>XL==>Conjoint==>Run Analysis) and assess the viability of the four specific hotel concepts that Forte is exploring for the State College area. Base this evaluation on the preferences of a sample of 40 business travelers on that sheet (Exhibit 2 ) and the cost estimates summarized in Exhibit 3. The base cost to build each hotel room (without the attributes and options listed in Exhibit 3) is expected to be about $40,000 for a 150- to 200-room hotel, regardless of the mix of room types. . Identify the optimal product concept from among those Forte is considering. Explain how you arrived at your recommendation. Consideramos que optimal product 1 es el concepto que deberia considerar Forte porque este le permitira una mejor penetracion en el mercado, lo cual ademas de traer la mayor aceptacion redundara en un pronto recupero de la inversion. 6. Would you recommend product concepts other than the four Forte is considering for the State College market? Explain how you arrived at your recommendation(s).Las 4 opciones engloban el tipo de cliente que normalmente tienen este tipo de cadena de hoteles con lo cual la segmentacion esta muy bien aplicada; sin embargo podrian agregar una opcion enfocada a empresas, BtoB, que esten intere sadas en utilizar el hotel como centro de convenciones que duren uno o mas dias y la empresa contratante deba hospedar a sus invitados, si bien es cierto, no es constante todo el ano, podrian tener preparada una opcion con servicios estandar y ciertos entretenimientos. Podria llamarse Business 1. 7. Summarize the major advantages and limitations of a conjoint study for new roduct design. What conditions favor the use of this approach in the hotel industry? (Consider such factors as types of customers and market conditions in responding to this question). Este modelo le permite a la industria hotelera saber la valoracion del mix e atributos valorados por el cliente y de esta forma tener una propuesta enfocada en el publico objetivo al que se dirige, ademas le permite saber, en la medida que disponga de informacion de los otros hoteles, en que segmento tendria mayores probabilidad de tener una mejor aceptacion.Sin embargo el uso de esta herramienta requeriria de un alto costo de inver sion inicial en investigacion de mercados, ya que exigiria la realizacion de una encuesta que permita contar con datos para la evaluacion. Case 5: Durr Environmental, Inc. – Air Pollution Control Systems Durr faced the following questions: 1. Is it economically sensible to enter the US market? 2. If so, what would be the best offering to make? 3. Would it be better to provide two different offerings? If so, what should they be? 4.Which segment(s) of the customers should they target, with what selling proposition for their new offering(s)? Provide a business case to address these issues. Assume the following: The business must generate marginal revenue of $4MM/year to justify entry, and it will cost Durr an additional $3MM/year to support a second offering. 1. Modelo de Negocio: Tamano del Mercado * Participacion del Mercado *Margen de Contribucion Segun la premisa debemos justificar mas de US $4MM para justificar la entrada al mercado.Tamano del Mercado: Market research indic ated that there would be about 300 units of that size sold in the US each year over the next decade. Participacion del mercado Margen de Utilidad: Producto Servair= 200K + 200K + 10K + 70K – 300K = US $180K Producto Premier= 200K+200K-170K+0+0= US $230K Producto Base =200K+0+0+0=US $200K Conclusion: Para Servair ==> 300 * 0. 1877 * 180 = US $10. 1 MM Para Premier = 300 * 0. 1433 * 230= US $9. 8 MM Para Base = 300 * 0. 0889 * 200=US $5. 3 MMDado que los 3 escenarios son mayores a los US $ 4MM, podemos ingresar al mercado con cualquiera de los productos. Cada uno de ellos nos permitira mayor o menor ganancia segun nuestra apuesta. 2. If so, what would be the best offering to make? Luego analizamos por cada tipo de producto. Segmentamos por Producto 1: Y ahora segmentamos por Producto 2: Sugerimos el producto Premier DX porque tiene mayor probabilidad de aceptacion y por ende nos permite ganar mercado mas rapido. Maximizar beneficios y asegurarnos posicionamiento de marca. . Wou ld it be better to provide two different offerings? If so, what should they be? Recomendamos ingresar solamente con el producto Premier, dado que lograriamos mayor participacion de mercado, un mayor nivel de beneficios e incluso eliminar un competidor. Sin embargo, si quisieramos incorporar un segundo producto sugerimos que sea el primero, pues pese a tener una menor contribucion marginal que el tercero tendriamos mayor probabilidad de aceptacion y por lo tanto tendriamos menor exposicion al riesgo. . Which segment(s) of the customers should they target, with what selling proposition for their new offering(s)? Podrian ser empresas que tienen un alto sentido de responsabilidad con el medio ambiente y desean ejercer control del sistema de emision de gases de manera eficiente. Prefieren invertir en un buen sistema y asegurar un contrato de servicio, para evitar quedarse sin soporte ante algun inconveniente.

Crimnal Justice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crimnal Justice - Coursework Example The two killers also poured hydrochloric acid on the genitals, as well as the face of Frank with the aim of hiding the identity of their victim (Wolcott & Head, 2010). The primary characteristics of the wounds found on the victim were the marks of the chisel used to strike Frank in the head. In addition, there was a cloth that the criminals shoved down the throat of the victim, which led to suffocation that eventually killed Frank. Other primary characteristics included the disfigured face and genitals of Frank, which indicated that a corrosive had been poured on the boy’s body (Wolcott & Head, 2010). The key evidence in the crime scene was a pair of glasses, which belonged to one of the criminals (Leopold). As evidence, the glasses were traced to the original source, which was the seller. The original source was quite instrumental since it was useful in tracing the real owner of the glasses. From the investigation conducted, it was evident that the unique glasses had been sold by one of the stores in Chicago area. In the entire Chicago, only three pairs of such glasses had been sold, with one pair belonging to Leopold (Wolcott & Head, 2010). The motive for killing the victim was to eliminate any evidence and ensure that the criminals cannot be traced. If the culprits only asked for a ransom, and set their victim free, they could be easily identified since one of the killers was a cousin to the victim. The other possible motive for killing was to make headlines. The killers wanted to commit a crime that would attract countrywide and worldwide attention. They seemed to gain satisfaction from being read about in all newspapers about the crime they had committed (Wolcott & Head, 2010). The crime by Leopold and Loeb can be regarded as a homicide that falls under the category of first degree murder. This is because the two planned to kill their victim, Bobby Frank. Their intention to kill the victim and stuff his body

Retail Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Retail Marketing - Essay Example Marks and Spencer made its reputation in the early 20th century by selling â€Å"British made goods† in England. The company introduced St Michael brand in 1928 which was a brand of clothes as well as foods. The company started expanding in 1957 in continental Europe and Ireland and also started selling of Asian food in the European market. The company got reputation for doing business through fair value of money and by this it got trust and brand value from its customers. The history of M&S is known as â€Å"iconic retailers of British Quality Goods†. The company started concentrating on the customers’ taste and preferences at the time of marketing myopia when other companies used to concentrate on the product quality by their won decision and choices. For this effective marketing and promotional strategies through the objective that customer is always and completely right the company got high reputation and brand image for4 its priority to the customers buying behaviour and preferences. After 1970 the company redesigned its packaging style for the food products and started selling food products by showing date of manufacturing. This was one of the important strategies of the company by which it generated huge customer base for the transparency and responsibilities to the customer in terms of ethical busi8ness practice. Since the inauguration of the penny bazaar by Michael Marks in 1984, five key principles have been followed by the company till now. These are quality, value, services, trust and innovation. The company came into Asia by opening first st5ore in Kabul in 1960. It had faced a continuous loss for a long time after 1973 in Canada and in 1999 all the 38 shops were closed due to unprofitable business. The company entered into France by opening few... This paper stresses that the company needs to promote this awareness programme as a part of solid waste positive environment. Generally the customers do not use the packets of the products and these are thrown out after taking away the goods at home. These packets can be the carry bag of per purchase of goods and also can be packets of grocery and food products. This report makes a conclusion that Marks and Spencer has experienced a long tough journey of its business from the very small start of the company. The company has been focusing and emphasised on the customers taste and preferences from its history and developed the brand present image by the trust and reputation from the customers. The company is very much popular in comparatively higher income group of people who only desire the product quality even in higher price. So, it needs to offer medium range priced products to wide its target segment of customers. This will generate more revenue and reduce the risk of competitive disadvantage. The company is very much dedicated to the society, customers, investor, supplier and the environment as these are the major contributor its success and current market share and position in the industry. If the company expand its target segment, it will be one of the leading retail companies in the world in near future in terms of revenue, social res ponsibility and customer satisfaction through efficient service provided by the company.

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Criminal Justice - Essay Example The agency also provides funding and certain oversight of community supervision (previously known as adult probation) and is responsible for the supervision of offenders released from prison on parole or mandatory supervision. During my visit to the Huntsville Office of the Inspector General, which is situated in Lake Rd. Suite 5, Texas, I have decided to talk to John Moriarty, Inspector General on his role and responsibilities. He is an important actor of TDCJ. A prior meeting was fixed with Mr. Moriarty. I reached in his Huntsville office at the scheduled time. Mr. Moriarty gave me a warm welcome. He heads the Investigation Department, which conducts investigation into the charges of grave bad behavior by employees and criminal breach on the organization property where interests are at risk by any violation. Smuggling of drugs and other goods not permitted in jail premises also comes under the investigation of the Office of Inspector General. Mr. Moriarty: My position of Inspector General is directly answerable to the Chairman, TBCJ, as you can see in the chart behind on the wall. (Mr. Moriarty turned his face towards the wall showing the chart, outlining the organization structure). Mr. Moriarty: Being independent of other departments, the mission of my office reflects its duties in working as a coordinating and communicating bridge between TBCJ, executive management, and investigating charges besides checking compliance with regulations and policies of the TDCJ. It is also our aim to see that the laws of the State of Texas are adhered to by the TBCJ. Other than that, we investigate waste, fraud and abuse of tax dollars in the agency. We are also a part of Joint Home & Defense initiatives of the Governor’s office and the FBI. Mr. Moriarty: It is wrong to say like that. Our Crime Stoppers â€Å"Behind the Wall† is a program that covers

Housing issues and housing solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Housing issues and housing solutions - Essay Example The residential facilities are poorly repaired and maintained and the security in the locality is compromised. This has seen several tenants shift to other residential facilities not managed by the firm. This discourse is an advice to Riverslake Housing Association in its housing management strategies. Involving tenants in vital decision making in matters regarding housing estate management have proven to be of great importance. For instance, In Tamworth, Landlord Services Tenancy agreement was reviewed on consulting the tenants and it is one of the best agreements ever achieved. Tenants also participated in the initiation of Housing Revenue account (HRA) and this has been helpful to both the tenants and the landlords. Such involvement also saw the launch of various projects dubbed ‘plant a pot’ and ‘Grow your own’ and these are meant to conserve the environment and create a sense of belonging among the tenants. Furthermore, ‘the love where you live’ and ‘BIG Tidy Up’ campaigns has resulted to clean living environments and united tenants, this would not be achieved if every decisions were made by the housing estate managers. Consulting tenants ensures that services provided are accordance to the tenants needs. Tenants would be exact or precise on their wishes and needs and this would help the housing estate managers save time and resources to fix specific areas as per the tenants needs. Furthermore, this would retain the existing tenants and attract more as there wishes and needs are well taken care of. Major housing management firms in California opted to involve their tenants in major decision making and this increased their income by 12% according to the report dubbed, ‘involving tenants’ This encourages them to pay their dues or rent in good time and this advantageous to the housing managers (Audit

Information Systems Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Information Systems Theory - Essay Example This system has become the focused area of latest research (Bose and Lou, 2011). The understanding of societal, organizational, and human interaction with technology is good defined through the information system theory (IST) (Rose & Scheepersm, 2001). The basic understanding about information system is described in figure below. Social Theory Information system Information system practices Fig.1 Theme of Information System Theory This report surveyed the main ideas about information system theory (IST). Theory of critical success factor and international information system are elaborated in the second and third sections of this report. The second and third section of the report is also representing the general strengths and weaknesses of Theory of critical success factor and international information system theory (IIS) theory. The Forth section will discuss the ways in which these approaches could be used and evaluated. The Fifth section is about the summary and conclusion. 2. Theo ry of Critical Success Factor 2.1 Main Idea The core success factors according to Wong and Tein about the information system are efficient, effective with a high reliability. For the achievement of success factors key development practices are followed. From available literature list of critical success factors are identified by Wong and Tein, some of them are: the improved information system is required to maintain the change management culture, system integration, software development training and testing, performance monitoring and evaluation, information system management structure. From the study some factors are identified that become the reasons of failure. Some of the factors like risk management and change management are not properly focused. Mismanagement of information system, delay in shipments due to lack of coordination or no proper use of information system. All mentioned factors are critical and need to address seriously, which can bring the organization in a better position. These factors could be converted into critical success factors for organization. The concept of critical theory is about the ethical and moral queries. The work in this area enhances and improves the human condition (Lee and Baskerville, 2003). The contribution of Rockart (1982) in the area of information system theory (IST) is vital for the theory of critical success factors. The information system is all about computer related things, environment and applications. The Computer hardware, software, application area, and communication come under the theory of information system theory (IST). The changes in the field of information system are vital, as information technology is growing day by day and same is adopted in the information system. The progress in the information system is in the form of centralized processing of data and distributed processing of data. In centralized data processing method, all systems are located at same geographical location, while in the case of distributed data processing all systems are dispersed in the different geographical locations. The key areas of activity for information system theory require some critical success factors. These critical success factors may vary from company to company. The nature of organization also provides success factors for it. The set of management tools, techniques, and processing factors for getting the best performance in all

Personal Statement ( Can be assigned by the writter)

( Can be assigned by the writter) - Personal Statement Example Learning doesn’t stop when you think it already does. This is exactly what motivates me to pursue a bachelor’s degree and further training in Nursing and Health Care. For me, time management is my key to success. I have already set my mind on attaining a bachelor’s degree, and to me, there is absolutely nothing that would hold me back from this dream. What I can do is to instill a sense of priority for the things that I need to do. It would be challenging to juggle work with my studies, but with time management, I would be able to allot a particular time for each responsibility so that I would not end up spreading myself to thin. I have also enlisted the support of my family and close friends, to assist me in everything else that may arise. On a personal note, there are things that need to wait for a while, and I am happy that my family understands that getting a bachelor’s degree is my short term goal for now. They understand as well that a flourishing and successful career in nursing is my long-term goal. My professional journey started in to 2009. As my first job being a Nurse Assistant, it was a baptism of fire of some sorts. Every beginner has a story of hits and misses, but the best thing about the experience is that I have learned so much, enough for me to sustain the job and become eligible for my next one at Victoria Court Assisting Living. Everything I had to learn, I learned during my first two years of work experience. More than the skills, I have learned to become my own lookout; to set standards and carefully work to achieve those standards. I absorbed all information I needed to learn. I took tips from people who have been in the profession way more than me. While everyone was committed to assist me acquire the skills, I knew that at the end of the day, I had to rely on myself to bring out

Marketing Segmentation - Demographic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Segmentation - Demographic - Essay Example The inclinations of the consumers are different for the same goods and services produced in the economy. Thus, it becomes crucial to categorize or segregate the buyers possessing same characteristic features of tastes and preferences. This process of grouping buyers in terms of several common determinants is known as market segmentation (Wind and Douglas, 1972). Market Segmentation It is believed by many scholars that market segmentation is an alternative of product differentiation. In today’s world, market segmentation plays a vital role for formulating all marketing strategies adopted by a firm. It creates different samples of buyers with same type of demand patterns that helps a company in designing separate marketing plans for each group and thereby facilitates them to win over customer loyalty for all the divisions. A particular market can be divided or categorized according to psychological, demographics, geographic and behavioral determinants. A proper marketing mix for mulated by a firm would help it to suffice the demands of each segment separately, in an economic and efficient manner. This paper will implicitly explain the concept of market segmentation based on demographics (McDonald, 2012). ... raphic determinants, an organization can create excellent strategies of marketing that would help it to park potential customer base in its retail segment. It becomes very convenient to apply demographic methodology of market segmentation because it is easy to calculate the demographic variables during the procedure of market segmentation. Moreover, the factors on the basis of which demographic market segmentation is introduced can generally be used for almost all the products (Tyan, 1987). Life-cycle and Age It is analyzed by the economists that the nature of demand created by a buyer changes with age and time in the life-cycle process. The companies while making their business plans target consumers on the basis of age to sell their manufactured products. If a firm produces land line telephones, then it should realize that the potential buyers of such a product would be consumers of age group 60 years and above. This is because the old consumers will have less skill to use modern c omplicated technologies in the mobile phones. On the other hand, it would be wrong on the part of the company to analyze that the buyers of landline phones would be young in age in general. So the market is segmented on the basis of landline and mobile phones, age and life-cycle becomes a vital mode of market segmentation (Hoek, Gendall, and Esslemont, 1995). Gender There is a significant difference in the likings of men and women. Thus, while marketing a product a company must first segregate the marketplace on the basis of sex. Men and women possess separate attitudes about same type of a commodity. Companies dealing with cosmetics, magazines etc should always segment their market while launching marketing strategies and plans. Like, if a company desires to sell a foundation base in

Sonoco HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sonoco HR - Essay Example The packaging industry as a whole have began to alter the landscape of the industry, a change towards â€Å"packaging end-to-end solutions† instead of individual packaging services have become the norm (Sand, 2009). Sonoco’s leadership for its part have at the onset implemented strategies to control cost that is in-line with its target of generating growth by stimulating sales and its capacity (Gase, 2007). The plan involved modernizing its commercial packaging division to enable it to respond to the demands of clients with dynamic requirements due to these clients’ need to respond to consumer tastes. However, the changes only granted autonomy to the General Manager of each division in managing his own personnel contrary to the required cross functional cooperation to meet the changing customer needs (Heinecke, 2011). Sonoco has been known to encourage a family-oriented, paternalistic, collaborative, and team oriented corporate culture amongst its employees. Unde rperformance and indolence are often times overlooked if it does not affect the bottom line too much. Cindy Hartley was hired to align Sonoco with the ever changing requirements of the packaging industry. ... There is a need to ensure that the performance is reflective of the actual contribution of the employee to the company (Neal, 2009). Sonoco’s employee training should not be limited to hard skills training but also on soft skills training to ensure that employees are developed overtime that will satisfy the third focus area of Cindy which is succession planning (Brinkerhoff & Mulder, 1995). Succession planning is ensuring that any position in the company can be replaced by individuals easily to prevent down time (Sims & Gay, 2007). Sonoco’s existence has been marked with several acquisitions of small companies mainly for its customer base if not additional capacity it will bring to the organization. The strategy is not only sound but it makes more sense, since instead of acquiring new equipment and getting fresh employees to be trained at considerable cost while spending on marketing to acquire new clients, buying companies will accomplish all in a much shorter time fra me (Clemente & Greenspan, 1998). The strategy while sound similarly created specialization amongst and between the employees of the acquired company (Prof Jarillo & Straub, 2012). It should be noted that the acquisition of the different companies equally resulted to the acquisition of employees with unique skill set that is applicable to the acquired company’s operation (Stahl & Mendenhall, 2005). However, the best scenario is to have employees that are multi skilled if not ambidextrous (Kortmann, 2012). The expanding employee base and the expanding customer base did not bode well for leaders within Sonoco and the companies it integrated due to its acquisition. Leaders were not trained to

Cosmetic Surgery Essay Example for Free

Cosmetic Surgery Essay â€Å"I wish I had a twin, so I could know what Id look like without cosmetic surgery† a quote by Joan Rivers. She is an American famous person who has done so many cosmetic surgeries. Rivers most likely said this quote because she regretted about all of the cosmetic surgeries that she had. Cosmetic Surgery is a phenomenon that has increased over the past few years and became popular in everywhere on the world. Moreover, many people have been thinking of doing it because it sounds interesting that people can change how they look likes or to improve a normal part of their body appearance. One of the biggest reasons of why cosmetic surgery is so popular is that people are striving to become physically perfect. However, those people are not aware of the risks that can result from these kinds of surgeries. Cosmetic surgeries affect the emotions of people who go under the knife and make them addicted to it. Also, it is dangerous and isn’t worth the risk. Patients will possibly suffer from depression, and encounter emotional difficulties that are hard to overcome after cosmetic surgery. This psychological pressure lasts for a long time and sometimes forever. For example, Olesen mentions that one of the disadvantages of cosmetic surgery is including depression (3). Also, Iverson says that there are studies that say cosmetic surgery cause undesirable feeling for patient (1). As for my own experience, a year and half ago my sister have done a cosmetic surgery in her nose. She didn’t like how she looks like, so she felt so bad about herself and didn’t want to see anyone of her friends. So, my father had to take her to psychiatrist to make her feel better. Thus, these examples indicate that cosmetic surgeries cause the patient so much depression and that is really a big problem that might affect the patient life. Because the patient unused to the new look or difference, the patient might stay secluded and stop socializing with friends and people for long time. Also, the bandaging wouldnt take off before three months. Furthermore, the patient cannot judge the result before six months until it takes its natural form. So, between the periods after the surgery until the result takes its natural form the patient would stay long time without knowing how the result looks like. And that is going to let the patient in a state of depression because prevent the patient to communicate with people . In some cases the result fails to improve and the appearance looks worse than before the surgery. Under this circumstance, the patient goes to another level of emotional effects of depression to the feeling of isolation forever. Thus, it would be hard for the patient to adjust whether he/she likes the result or not because the patient has to undergo days or months of healing process. Sometimes, that wound take forever to heal. In sum, cosmetic surgeries certainly let the patients feel depressed and affect their emotions. Although cosmetic surgery causes a lot of emotional depression, this is not the only reason. One very serious addiction that is often overlooked is cosmetic surgery addiction. Unlike drug addicts who suffer from chemical addiction, cosmetic surgery addicts experience mental obsession to alter their bodies and faces. For instance, Sciarretto says Michael Jackson’s mother admitted that he was addicted to cosmetic surgery (1). Another example, Dr.  Samuels states, â€Å"After one surgery, addicts will find a reason to have a second, then a third and so on in their quest for perfection. The results they are after are unattainable†(4). In addition, Frankr states, â€Å"plastic surgery shouldnt be undergone because it can lead to addiction†(3). Hence, these three examples show cosmetic surgery is a serious problem that can really make patient to become addicted to it. Many of patients begin their journey simply wanting to correct a few specific anatomical issues, but progress to addiction after completing their initial surgical desires. When the patient does one cosmetic surgery and like the result of it, he or she would find a reason to do it again to look better. Similarly, if the patient doesn’t like the surgery result also would do it again until to get satisfied with the results of the surgery. Thus, in both cases whether the patient like the result or not would get addicted. In addition, once the first surgical operation was already done, second, third, fourth, and even more is easy to follow. The patients are always looking for perfection and would never satisfy with their looks because this is the nature of human. As has been noted, Michael Jackson is an evidence to prove this theory. Michael got addicted and he transforms his appearance hundred and eighty degrees. So, cosmetic surgery is grave problem that patient should be aware of before doing it because it have the ability to let the patient obsessed about it. As the case with any kind of surgery, cosmetic surgery does involve risk that in some cases death. In addition, isn’t worth the risk because it could take person’s life forever for unnecessarily reason. For example, Frankr says, â€Å"Just like any surgery, plastic surgery can be dangerous. They involve anesthesia, wound healing and other risks†(2). Another example, John writes an article about a woman named Kathleen Kelly Cregan who died while she was having a cosmetic surgery. So, these two examples show that cosmetic surgeries are not easy and carry risks that might lead to death. A risk that should be taken into consideration is that when cosmetic surgery is undergone and uses anesthesia. Anesthesia is put on a patient to sleep, and to numb the body so the patient won’t feel pain during the surgery. Even though anesthesia prevents pain during the surgery, it has its risks. There is no guarantee that the patient will wake up from the anesthesia, patient can fall into a coma, if not given the right amount of it and if not put in the right place. Furthermore, there is no surgeon who can guarantee that the surgery would succeed. There are always risks of things going amiss. I guarantee that if Cregan knew she would die because of a cosmetic surgery she wouldn’t do it because she could live without it. Doing cosmetic surgery isn’t worth the risk because it’s unimportant surgery that many people could live a happy life without it. Also, it carries risks that could take patient life forever. Cosmetic surgery being so popular and the idea of it sound good. However, many people are not aware of the side affects that can bring into their life. Additionally, it could turn patients life into depressed. Patients always want to perfect in their appearance, which is impossible to reach because this is the nature of human. Cosmetic surgeries have so many disadvantages and I just mentioned few of them.

Effect of Pornography on Violence Against Women

Effect of Pornography on Violence Against Women Critically assess the case that the products of the contemporary pornography industry are both a cause of violence and discrimination directed against women and also ‘intrinsically harmful’. ‘Everyone says: ‘Oh, women want sex soft and pretty, like a Harlequin novel’. It’s as if women are being protected†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Candida Royalle (2000:545) It is not the purpose of this essay to defend the contemporary pornography industry which to this day remains a ‘dirty’ and -to a large extent- a male-dominated, exploitative business, but rather to understand the reasons behind this sad reality. Pornography made its first prominent appearance in feminist discourse in the late 70s, when feminist groups such as ‘Women Against Violence in Pornography and the Media’ (WAVPM) embarked upon their anti-pornography campaign in the San Francisco Bay area[1]. The so-called ‘sex wars’ of the 1980s brought about an unprecedented division within the feminist movement. Anti-pornography writers, such as Andrea Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon -authors of the famous ‘Minneapolis and Indianapolis ordinances’[2] advocated the censorship of pornographic material, on account of its role as ‘a practice that is central to the subordination of women’[3]. Other feminists put forth a liberal leg al argument, invoking the First Amendment to the American Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech. Two decades later, the pornography debate has retained its relevance in feminist discourse. There is still heated disagreement over three interrelated issues: what is the definition of pornography? Does pornography cause violence and discrimination against women? What is the best way to deal with pornography in the policy and legislation arenas? While critically assessing the anti-pornography thesis, I will argue in turn that most sexually explicit graphic material is not the cause but can mirror the misogyny and exploitation that characterizes modern societies; and that far from being ‘intrinsically harmful’ pornography can in fact be employed in the service of feminist ideas. A necessary starting point if we are to understand pornography would be an analytically helpful definition. But this is itself one of the main points of disagreement between feminists. The pro-censorship side has emulated traditional definitions of pornography[4] and equated sexual explicitness with violence and female subordination[5]. Dworkin understands pornography as the platform where sexist ideology thrives by exhibiting male supremacy, discernible in seven interwoven strains: the power of the self, physical power, the power of terror, the power of naming, the power of owning, the power of money and the power of sex’[6]. Contemporary porn depicts women as the helpless victims of men: bound, tortured, humiliated, battered, urinated upon or ‘merely taken and used’. Evoking the Greek etymology of the word, Dworkin (1990:24) defines pornography as the ‘graphic depiction of whores’, (‘porne’ being the Greek for a cheap prostitute or sex slave). Thus pornography is conceived as something sexist, violent and exploitative by definition; in other words, as an intrinsically harmful phenomenon. Even at this early stage, pro-censorship analysis seems to rest on shaky methodological grounds. First it involves a clearly circular argument which condemns pornography without trying to understand it, almost like arguing that ‘pornography is bad, because it is bad’. Second, the cross-cultural analysis of Ancient Greece is dubious, if not completely a-historical, since ‘pornography’ is not an ancient but a Victorian neologism, invented in the 19th century, thus reflecting Victorian sensitivities rather than ancient realities. Third, the definition of porn as a field of violence and sexism logically entails a distinction from other, sexually explicit material that is not violent, demeaning and exploitative, but is based on sentiments of mutuality and reciprocity. Defining this emerging category, usually referred to as ‘Erotica’, is a highly subjective endeavor and obviously unhelpful for an academic or a judge. Equating sexual explicitness to vi olence, misogyny and other value-judgments is not only counter productive to the search for a descriptive definition of pornography; it is also untrue, since it is often the case that ‘soft porn’ or even altogether non-sexual material can contain much more disturbing scenes of violence and sexism than pornography itself [7]. Fourth, most of the anti-porn literature has applied its definitions of pornography in a vague and inconsistent manner, jumping from the ‘graphic depiction of whores’ to the more mainstream concept of porn as cheaply produced ‘smut’ for instant consumption[8]; and sometimes to a more inclusive definition containing phenomena as diverse as fashion, TV commercials, sex toys and sex education[9]. Methodological concerns aside, anti-porn definitions of pornography entail positions that appear to contradict the very essence of feminism. Anti-porn pronouncements on ‘good, sensitive Erotica’ vis-à  -vis ‘bad, abusive porn’ are essentially pronouncements about ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sexuality. At the risk of caricature, this entails restrictions on sexuality of Orwellian dimensions, and is contrary to the fights of the feminist, gay and lesbian movements for sexual liberation and diversity. One anti-porn author opines that ‘erotica is rooted in eros, or passionate love, and thus in the idea of positive choice, free will, the yearning for a particular person, whereas in pornography the subject is not love at all, but domination and violence against women’[10]. Statements like this one seem to imply an acceptance of old patriarchical stereotypes of the form ‘men are aggressive and polygamous by nature, while women are passive and monogamous’ and that women do not, cannot or should not enjoy sex in itself. Paradoxically, Dworkin’s (1990) synoptic treatment of the history of pornography exaggerates the passivity and helplessness of female victims and the violence of male domination to such an extent, that it unwittingly reinforces the very binary stereotypes that feminism has historically fought to uproot. Her presentation of women in pornography as ‘whores’, is at best patronizing, if not condescending and insulting towards female porn-workers, who often choose to follow that mode of subsistence. The choices of porn-workers deserve as much respect as those of women working in less stigmatized industries and, perhaps, even greater feminist solidarity[11]. Pro-censorship argumentation tends to revolve around two rhetorical devices. The first is the exaggeration of the amount and degree of violence contained in pornographic material, through the accumulation of undeniably disturbing images. The slide shows projected in WAVPM meetings and the material articulately described in Dworkin’s book have been handpicked for their shock-value and power to disturb. Drawn primarily from the underground cultures of Bizarre, Bestiality and SM, most of these images are largely unrepresentative of the mainstream market, which is both highly diversified and specialized. Specialization is a key-point because of the basic fact that different people have different ‘turn-ons’. Given that some people may find publicly disturbing, what others view as privately stimulating is no good reason to label porn in its entirety as intrinsically offensive. The second rhetorical device lies in the argument that pornography is not just a representatio n of imaginary violence but also a recorded reality or as put by MacKinnon, a ‘documentary of abuse’[12]. Again this argument misleadingly conflates reality with representational fantasy. To claim that every woman -or man- that appears to be abused in a porn-movie is actually abused, is almost as naà ¯ve as claiming that every man shot-dead in, say, ‘the Terminator’, is actually dead. The anti-porn argument fails to take into consideration factors such as artifice, acting and role-playing[13]. While genuine case of abuse are not absent from the porn industry, the vast majority of depictions of ‘violence’ occur in a role-playing context which carefully ensures the safety of the actors. My view is that understanding pornography requires a descriptive definition which, instead of passing judgments over the moral credentials and political consciousness of its participants, focuses on the realities of the porn industry. In this light, modern pornography, as we know it, is the graphic representation of sexually explicit material, mass-produced and mass-consumed with the purpose of sexual arousal. Although it is not ‘intrinsically evil’, this industry is morally no better than the society that produces it. The effect of sexually explicit material on its viewers and society at large is the second main component of the pornography debate. Anti-porn analysis has insisted on a theory of causality, whereby real rape, physical abuse and humiliation of women by men occur as a direct result of their exposure to the ‘hateful values’[14] of pornography. In Dworkin’s own words ‘at the heart of the female condition is pornography: it is the ideology that is the source of all the rest;’[15]. By equating the representation of violence with injurious action, Dworkin evokes what neo-Aristotelian theorists of representation have termed as the ‘Mimesis-model’. Derived from the Greek word ‘mimesis’, meaning ‘imitation’ or ‘reproduction’, the model positions the real both before and after its representation[16]. At a theoretical level the Mimesis-model can be sufficiently challenged by another Aristotelian concept, that of Catharsis. This would entail that far from reducing men to perpetrators of violence, exposure to the mock-violence of pornography -with all its artistic conventions and restrictions- would relieve them of the violent dispositions that lay ‘hidden’ in their psyche, in the same way that, say, a horror movie may give us pleasure without inciting violence and blood-thirst. The Catharsis-model fits particularly well to the very nature of pornography. Founded on a much-attested human desire for an occasional breach of taboo, porn tends to represent situations and feelings that may well be antisocial and very often remote from what the actual social practice is. Japan -a country with one of the lowest rape rates world-wide- sustains a huge pornographic industry that ‘specializes’ in violence and sexual domination[17]. The anti-pornography perceptive fail s to grasp this crucial distinction between social reality and harmless fantasy[18]. In terms of empirical evidence, psychological experiments on the alleged correlation between exposure to porn and violent activity are, at best, inconclusive[19]. Historical and cross-societal analysis is equally unpromising for the Mimesis-argument. Porn, in its modern sense, is a very recent creation[20]. And yet, the exploitation of women by men had predated it by thousands of years. At the same time, political systems that adhered to the systematic suppression of pornographic representations, such as the Soviet Union or modern Islamic states, had not been less exploitative or violent. And yet, many anti-porn thinkers have insisted on censorship, despite the fact that this insistence has produced an awkward alliance with moral traditionalists from the Right[21]. If passed, the 1984 Minneapolis ordinance would have reinvented ‘pornography’ as a criminal offence, distinct from ‘obscenity’. This would have allowed women to take civil action against anyone involved in the production, or distribution of pornography, on the grounds that they had been ‘harmed’ by its portrayal of women. In the passionate words of Andrea Dworkin (1990:224) ‘we will know that we are free when the pornography no longer exists. As long as it does exist, we must understand that we are the women in it: used by the same power, subject to the same valuation, as the vile whores who beg for more.’ If only, pornography was, indeed, the mother of all evil. Then sexism could be uprooted at one, simple, legislative stroke. But unfortunately, sexism, v iolence and exploitation are endemic to the economic structure of the modern society and pervasive of all our media. Pornography seems to have been singled out as a scapegoat for all forms of sexual prejudices in today’s world. The long-standing social stigma and visual honesty of the industry made it an easy target to right-wingers and left-wingers alike. Censorship has not worked in the past and there is no reason to believe that it will work in the future. I believe that the only viable solution to the pornography problem is the exact opposite of censorship, namely support for ‘the Politics of Representation[22]. Women should try to ‘capture’ pornography, as producers, script-writers and directors, in a manner consistent with earlier feminist ventures into other male-dominated fields, such as literature, politics, media, religion, education and science. ‘Going legit’, would not only mean that society as a whole will take a less hypocritical stance to the realities of pornography but also that regulation would guarantee better working conditions for female porn-workers (e.g. unionization, safe-sex, better security, health and cleanliness)[23]. Most importantly establishing a feminine perspective within the industry would counterbalance the male bias from which it now suffers. Following the example of v entures such as ‘Femme Productions’ -launched by former porn-worker Candida Royalle and targeting a couple market- sexually explicit material written and produced by women can celebrate women’s right to pleasure without complying to sexism and exploitation[24]. Pro-censorship feminists have been mistaken in defining pornography as problem. The explicit representation of sexual scenes is neither ‘intrinsically harmful’ nor a direct cause of violence. While men retain the reigns of an industry plagued with social stigma, porn will continue to be biased and exploitative. Yet, in the right hands, pornography can become an instrument for feminist action. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barker, I. V. (2000): ‘Editing Pornography’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 643- 652 Butler, J. (2000): ‘The Force of Fantasy: Feminism, Mapplethorpe, and Discursive Excess’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 487-508 Carter, A. (2000): ‘Polemical Preface: Pornography in the Service of Women’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 527-539 Cornell, D. (2000): ‘Pornography’s Temptation’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 551-68 Dworkin, A. (1990): ‘Pornography: Men Possessing Women’, London: The Women’s Press Ltd C. A. MacKinnon (1988): ‘Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day’, Minneapolis: Organizing Against Pornography Kilmer, M.F. (1997): ‘Painters and Pederasts: Ancient Art, Sexuality, and Social History’,in M. Golden and P. Toohey [eds] Inventing Ancient Culture: Historicism, Periodization, and the Ancient World, London, pp 36-49. MacKinnon, C. A. (1993): ‘Only Words’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 94-120 Rodgerson, G. E. Wilson [ed] (1991): ‘Pornography and Feminism: the Case Against Censorship’, Feminists Against Censorship, London: Lawrence Wishart Royalle, C. (2000): ‘Porn in the USA’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 540-550 Rubin, G. (1992): ‘Misguided, Dangerous and Wrong: an Analysis of Anti-pornography Politics’, in A. Assiter and A. Carol [ed], Bad Girls and Dirty Pictures: the Challenge to Reclaim Feminism, London: Pluto Press, pp 18-40 Russell, D. E. H. (2000): ‘Pornography and Rape: A Causal Model’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 48-93 Sutton, R.F., Jr. (1992): ‘Pornography and Persuasion on Attic Pottery’, in A. Richlin [ed], Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome, New York, pp 3-35. Footnotes [1] Rubin (1992:18) [2] See Dworkin McKinnon (1988) [3] MacKinnon in the Minneapolis hearings, cited by Rodgerson Wilson (1991:11) [4] e.g. ‘the written, graphic or other forms of communication intended to excite lascivious feelings’, in the ‘American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language’, cited in Rubin (1992:25). [5] MacKinnon (1993:22) [6] Dworkin (1990:24) [7] Rubin (1992:24, 26) [8] e.g. compare pp 81 and 218 in Dworkin (1990) [9] Rubin (1992:28) [10] Gloria Steinem, cited in Rubin (1992:28) [11] Cornell (2000:551). For financial incentives for joining the porn industry see Royalle (2000:541-2) [12] cited in Rubin (1992:31) [13] For an excellent analysis of the difference between real violence and SM role-playing see Royalle (2000:545-6) [14] Dworkin (1990:24) [15] Dworkin, cited in Rubin (1992:34) [16] Butler (2000:448) [17] Sutton (1992:28) [18] Rubin (1992:19); Royalle (2000:546) [19] Rubin (1992:30) [20] Rodgerson Wilson (1991:67) [21] Barker (2000:643) [22] Cornell (2000:553) [23] Royalle (2000:548); Rubin (1992:33-4) Cornell(2000 :552-3) [24] Cornell (2000:564)

Change Management Proposal For Parkway Nursing Care Management Essay

Change Management Proposal For Parkway Nursing Care Management Essay Park way nursing is also a business and, like every other business, it needs good management to keep it running smoothly. .The occupation, medical and health services manager encompasses all individuals who plan, direct, coordinate, and supervise the delivery of healthcare. Medical and health services managers include specialists and generalists. Specialists are in charge of specific clinical departments or services, while generalists manage or help to manage an entire facility or system. The structure and financing of healthcare is changing rapidly. Future medical and health services managers must be prepared to deal with evolving integrated healthcare delivery systems, technological innovations, an increasingly complex regulatory environment, restructuring of work, and an increased focus on preventive care. They will be called upon to improve efficiency in healthcare facilities and the quality of the healthcare provided. Increasingly, medical and health services managers will work in organizations in which they must optimize efficiency of a variety of interrelated services. The healthcare professions all involve life and death situations. In these situations, quality is crucial and quantity is irrelevant, Health care is continually changing in the way health care professionals like individual practitioners and clinical managers organize and deliver care to the patients. For this reason, health care knowledge must continuously grow and expand to keep health care approaches relevant, current and appropriate. Without new knowledge, health care professionals cannot improve techniques for therapies and even management. 2 Survey Results: Survey results suggesting that No of patients going up but the staff members quantity are still the same. The staff member having plenty of problems like injuries, incidents, absences. Lots of this problem indicates that AI is not good for the company. Hospital nurse staffing is a matter of major concern because of the effects it can have on patient safety and quality of care, members are worried because management only focuses on expand the business, but they couldnt able to balance the ratio between staff member and patients. If the management doesnt able to manage staff properly then the problem comes. The concern is certain things cant calculate like caring of the patients, feelings, help, and relationship etc. The management should be develops service unit goals; identifies, plans, and coordinates new programs; reviews policy and procedure manuals to assure that they are current; provides expert nursing consultation to staff, patients and public; monitors and evaluates patient c are for ethical, legal, and safe conduct; ensures proper and safe functioning of unit equipment and promotes individual and environmental safety; resolves patient care problems and provides direct patient care. The Nurse Manager makes final decisions regarding operations of work unit and defers to an administrative superior regarding policy decisions with broad impact or agency-wide scope. Problems Identification: Parkway having sufficient problem with staffing injuries, patients satisfaction, communication, absences, incidents with patients, many staff are dissatisfied with their jobs, shifting problem, stressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc the most common problem are followsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Staffing Parkway focuses on filling the beds. Quality and service drop Staff and patients injuries Communication No of patients are increases but no extra staff. No Increment no bonus. Physical Demand Need to recruit strong new staff who can lift the patients easily Female nurses troubling to lift male patients Able to push the Beds, gurneys, and wheelchairs Communicate face to face with individuals Read, write, speak and understand the English language Documentation: (Electronic) Government requirement Staff has to learn new things A medical record should accurately reflect Electronic health records systems can also provide additional functionality, such as interactive alerts to clinicians, interactive flow sheets, and tailored order sets, all of which cant be done be done with paper-based systems. Training Focus on filling beds: Shortages of staff but no of patients increase Management always need big business Not enough motivation Not enough staff Change Management Strategy: Any nature of business employees is a most important assets; this is why they created the Human Resource department. Its purpose is to manage, train and look after the workers of the business. It is also their responsibility to implement health and safety legislation at work and look after the employees. There are many roles that this department manages; these ultimately help the business to achieve its objectives. These include: Manpower planning. Recruitment and selection. Induction and training. Promotion and transfers Appraisal and termination of employment Rewards and conditions of employment. Working conditions. Career development and welfare. Wage bargaining and disputes. An effective and efficient business manages their employees or human resources well. The better this is done, the more the workers will be happier, better motivated, more productive and more responsive. Forms of resistance Leadership must come from the top level. Not enough staff against increase patient staff has to work long hours. Focus in the profit never increase staff position can worse. Documentation (Electronic) old staff using manual, if you go for new electronic system the old staff do not want to use new system. Patient staff injuries Absents . Resistance in Parkway People feel unsecure with their job. People not willing to take on additional responsibilities Lack of communication with management. Nurses not willing to let go of the bond that they have developed with the patients. Overcoming the resistances Improve the working environment. Train new people (if recruit new staff) and current staff too. Implement documentation (electronic) Communicate with the current employee thats if they start new training is good for them once they know job is safe for them resistance ratio will come down. Try to reduce injury to patients as well as staff. Motivation Implementation : Our methods use several basic principles. You are always the leader we only facilitate. When facilitating, demonstrating and teaching we use examples from our personal experience. If an exercise or workshop is needed you do not perform theoretical exercises. You will use actual live situations in your own organization. Here are some of the exercises that can be used in Leadership Implementation: Survey: You identify the areas which will get affected by change in the implementation in the first step. We conduct a survey that will reveal to you the size of challenge you face in implementation. It includes essential information for successful implementation: identification of positive/negative attitudes that will help or hinder critical tasks to make it happen, milestones that must be met and much other data for a successful plan. Breakthrough: This exercise focuses you on the one or two key elements that block the implementation. Once identified, we help you break through the blocks so that the implementation proceeds smoothly and quickly Start Event: This facilitated event is designed to communicate your message and the essential steps for a successful implementation. The audience is all the people that will implement or be affected by the process. The feeling of commitment out of this event is profound and without parallel in conventional training. Strategy Event: Strategy for implementation is required at many different levels. There is the overall master strategy. There are also mini-strategies within it. The most important are the many mini-strategies that departments, work-groups and individuals must use to adapt from their current state to the new process. The techniques used in this event make sure that they are comprehensive, pertinent to the master strategy, and truly implementable. Change Event: Most people are familiar with the Change Curve that describes the inevitable emotional reactions people experience before they finally accept and embrace a change. But how to straighten it? Or how to compress it? Whatever analogy you use, the techniques used here help people move through the Change Curve as quickly as possible. This accelerates the benefit of the implementation Communication Plan: A well executed communication plan is critical to the success of a new project. These techniques help you identify what must be communicated, how, the audience and the best methods. Executive Coaching: One of our central competencies is Executive Coaching. It covers CEOs and all other executive levels. What sets our method apart is its focus on rapid results. Senior executives do not have time for multiple-year codependent therapy-like coaching relationships. The market environment rewards or punishes quarterly. Our method is attuned to this requirement for speed. The above examples are illustrative of some of our Leadership Implementation services. They can be used singly, such as Executive Coaching, or in combination for a full-fledged implementation of a new process, project, program or corporate culture change. Our Facilitators are experienced, trained and sensitive to the dynamics of group meetings. Their participation in your implementation will help you achieve optimum results fast. Implement your project by contacting us at the phone, e-mail or address below. Creating a leadership strategy: Strategic leadership provides the vision, direction, the purpose for growth, and context for the success of the corporation. It also initiates outside-the-box thinking to generate future growth. Strategic leadership is not about micromanaging business strategies. Rather, it provides the umbrella under which businesses devise appropriate strategies and create value. Review the business strategy Leaders play a critical role during change implementation, the period from the announcement of change through the installation of the change. During this middle period the organization is the most unstable, characterized by confusion, fear, loss of direction, reduced productivity, and lack of clarity about direction and mandate. It can be a period of emotionalism, with employees grieving for what is lost, and initially unable to look to the future. In addition to forecast and amiability, the characteristics that leader must have are ability to recognize employees talents, the know-how to make teams work and an open mind. Leadership does vary to some extent as per the positions i.e. it may be slight different for manager and different for a union leader but the basic qualities of leadership does not change. 1. Good communication skill Communication is the key to be a great leader. The reason for this is simple: if he possesses the other nine leadership qualities but if he fails to communicate well, he will never be great leader. What he can do is communicate with others in the organization about what IT can do to move the company forward. In other words, good communication is the key for developing good business relationships. If he cant establish a good business working communicate how IT can add long-term value to the company. The modern leaders must therefore be equipped with good communication skill and use new ways to do effective communication. 2. Honesty The most valuable asset of a leader is honesty. He must be honest with both his employees and the management committee. Another part of his features is integrity. Once a leader compromises his or her integrity, it is lost. That is perhaps the reason integrity is considered the most admirable trait. The leaders therefore must keep it above all else. 3. Visionary outlook Leadership qualities are different for different position. For a CIO he must be thinking for stabilizing the current business and always looking for future scope of expansion. He has to be able to look beyond where we are today, know where the business is going, and be able to use that vision to move the company forward. Being able to do this is a rare skill indeed. 4. Selectingagoodteam A good CIO although he possesses sound technical skills he assures that the team he selects is efficient enough to back up any skill he lacks. Choosing the best people for such team is a skill. A CIO after all is a human being and does not have answer for everything. But by working together he creates an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect; the team then always find the best solution. 5. Action speaks louder than words Managers must be able to put aside their concerns to listen to (and appear to listen to) those around them. As a result, they come know what is going on, and know what is both said, and said between the lines. They have the knack of appearing to know what people need even if those needs are not expressed directly. However, knowing what is going on, and identifying the needs of those around them is not sufficient. The responsive manager also acts upon that knowledge, attempting to help fulfill the needs of employees, superiors, etc. Responsive managers wield influence to solve problems for those around them, often before even being asked. 6. Ability to motivate people around a good leader must always keep motivating his team mates for good work and should maintain healthy environment. He must give first priority to safety of workers and see that they are not exploited by superiors. 7. Consistency Leadership effectiveness is impossible without consistency. Every leader has an approach that is unique to them. Dont change your personal style radically after all; it got you in a leadership position. Modify the rough spots but take care not to confound your staff by displaying inconsistency. Your expectations, though subject to modification based on ever-changing business needs, should remain as constant as possible. The business world is confusing enough without you adding unwelcome surprises into the mix. Keep things simple and consistent. 8. Ability to stand against critics as the success rate increases your critics multiply and become louder. Come to peace with the fact that you will always have a camp of people who critique every decision you make. They are generally the ones who are excellent problem-identifiers rather than problem-solvers. Develop your skills of repelling such critics so that they do not diminish your confidence or enthusiasm. It takes focus and confidence not to be adversely affected by criticism. Strong leaders learn the art of listening to critics, but ultimately making decisions for the good of the department, not to simply please the critics. Identify the driver of strategy Management should introduce different types of elements. Focuses on customer. More opportunity Improvement Assess current leadership situation compare to the desired future In current leadership situation in Park way asking following quotations What leadership skills and perspectives are critical for success now and in the future? How strong are current leaders in these critical skills and perspectives? How aligned is todays leadership strength with what will be the most important skill and perspectives in the future? Desire future in Parkwayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Change of environment Strong leadership Solution for staff Communication Recruitment and training Security Growth Recommended leadership style There are many kind of leadership style à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.some are as follows Autocratic leadership Bureaucratic leadership Charismatic leadership Democratic leadership or participative leadership Laissez-faire leadership People-oriented leadership or relations-oriented leadership Servant leadership Task-Oriented leadership Transactional leadership Transformational leadership For Parkway recommended leadership style should be Charismatic leadership because Parkway having a serious problem with communicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Charismatic leadership style can seem similar to transformational leadership, because these leaders inspire lots of enthusiasm in their teams and are very energetic in driving others forward. However, charismatic leaders can tend to believe more in themselves than in their teams, and this creates a risk that a project, or even an entire organization, might collapse if the leader leaves. In the eyes of the followers, success is directly connected to the presence of the charismatic leader. As such, charismatic leadership carries great responsibility, and it needs a long-term commitment from the leader. Leader behaviors of Home Directors Behavioral theories focus on how leaders behaveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Common Behaviors are: (1) Creating a leadership platform; (2) Becoming the principal-learner and principal-teacher about leadership (3) Affirming and teaching the powerful roles of organizational beliefs, vision, and Mission. (4) Leading and modeling reciprocity of accountability (5) Building collegiality around problems of practice (6) Emulating the actions of successful coaches (7) Developing the cultural understanding and affirmation that leadership and growth bring discomfort. (8) Developing a sense of professionalism throughout the organization consistent with professionalism as demonstrated in and expected of other learned professions. Leadership behavior of supervisor: THE SUPERVISORS ROLE Supervisors have a general legal duty to take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances to protect workers. In addition, they have the following specific duties outlined in the Act and regulations. Supervisors must be familiar with the provisions of the Occupational Health and Safety. Supervisors must be knowledgeable about potential or actual health and safety hazards in the workplace and advice workers about these hazards. Supervisors must ensure that equipment; materials and protective devices required by regulation are provided to workers and maintained in good condition. Supervisors must ensure that workers follow workplace procedures and use protective equipment required by the University or by any applicable regulations. Supervisors must provide information, instruction and supervision to a worker to protect the health or safety of the worker. Supervisors must ensure that subordinate supervisors have or acquire knowledge of the Supervisors must ensure that an up-to-date inventory is maintained of all designated substances, hazardous materials and hazardous physical agents present in the workplace. Supervisors must ensure that all hazardous materials present in the workplace are identified and labeled. Supervisors must ensure that material safety data sheets are readily available for all hazardous materials present in the workplace. Supervisors must ensure that workers exposed to a hazardous material or hazardous physical agent receive and participate in prescribed instruction and training. Supervisors must ensure hazardous materials present in the workplace are disposed of in the manner prescribed by University procedures and applicable regulations. In the case of a workplace injury, supervisors must ensure that prompt medical attention is provided and must report the circumstances of the injury to the Office of Environmental Health and Safety within 24 hours. Job Stress in Parkway: Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurs when there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. arly Warning Signs that coping with workplace stress is becoming difficult for an employee are Headache, Upset stomach, Sleep problems, Irritability and short temper, Difficulty in concentrating, Job dissatisfaction, Low morale, etc Source of Stress Job stress comes in many different forms and affects your body in various ways. Minor sources of stress may include equipment that wont work or phones that wont quit ringing. Major stress comes from having too much work, not having enough work, doing work that is unfulfilling, fearing a job layoff, or not getting along with your boss. Usually it is the major sources of stress that lead to burnout, causing people to become unhappy and less productive in their work. Job stress can affect your health and home life as well. Low levels of stress may not be noticeable; slightly higher levels can be positive and challenge you to act in creative and resourceful ways; and high levels can be harmful, contributing to chronic disease. According to the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), these are job conditions that may lead to stressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. The design of tasks. Heavy workload, infrequent rest breaks, long work hours and shift work; hectic and routine tasks that have little inherent meaning, do not utilize workers skills, and provide little sense of control. Management style. Lack of participation by workers in decision-making, poor communication in the organization and lack of family-friendly policies. Interpersonal relationships. Poor social environment and lack of support or help from coworkers or supervisors. Work roles. Conflicting or uncertain job expectations, too much responsibility, too many hats to wear. Career concerns. Job insecurity and lack of opportunity for growth, advancement, or promotion; rapid changes for which workers are unprepared. Environmental conditions. Unpleasant or dangerous physical conditions such as crowding, noise, air pollution, or ergonomic problems. Action Require: Control: This factor is the most closely related to job stress. Studies show that workers who believe that they have a great deal of responsibility but little control or decision-making power in their jobs are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and other stress-related illnesses. Increased responsibilities. Giving on additional responsibilities to the staff job can be stressful. This can be worse if your staff have too much work to do and they are unable to say no to new tasks or projects. Competence. Are your staffs concerned about their ability to perform well? Are they challenged enough, but not too much? Do your staff feel secure in their job? Job insecurity is a major source of stress for many people. Clarity. Feeling uncertain about what their duties are, how they may be changing, or what your departments or organizations goals are can lead to stress. Communication. Workplace tension often results from poor communication, which in turn increases job stress. An inability to express your concerns, frustrations, or other emotions can also lead to increased stress. Support. Feeling unsupported by to your staff may make it harder to resolve other problems at work that are causing them stress. Significance. If your staff dont find their job meaningful or take pride in it, they may find it stressful. Stress Management plan- Emotional stress usually occurs in situations people consider difficult or challenging. Different people consider different situations to be stressful. Physical stress refers to a physical reaction of the body to various triggers. The pain experienced after surgery is an example of physical stress. Physical stress often leads to emotional stress, and emotional stress often occurs as physical stress (e.g., stomach cramps). About to reduce stress of staff Parkway should follow à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Improve environment Organize get to gather for staff Celebration Laughter Time management Some form of physical exercise Sharing and connecting with your support network on a regular basis Attention to good diet and healthy nutrition Regular time set aside on a daily basis to unwind relax A repertoire of leisure activities Regular sleep and rest Some employers assume that stressful working conditions are a necessary evil-that companies must turn up the pressure on workers and set aside health concerns to remain productive and profitable in todays economy. But research findings challenge this belief. Studies show that stressful working conditions are actually associated with increased absenteeism, tardiness, and intentions by workers to quit their jobs-all of which have negative effects on the bottom line. Conclusion: A nurse is someone who basically takes care of the people. They are in charge of the welfare of their patients who are recovering from sickness and disease. They work with a health team which specializes on this matter. They are usually tasked to work with a doctor to ensure the proper medication and care is given to their patients. Since nurses are a part of the medical team, they too can work in the research field. They can contribute to the existing knowledge about nursing. Of course, nursing is also a science and nurses just do not do what the doctor tells them to do. Research s something which should be done continuously, so working in the research field is always in demand. Nurses are the workhorses of any hospital or health care facility. They are the ones who care for the patient taking vital signs, recording symptoms, giving medicine, bathing and comforting, moving the patient from place to place, and making sure the patient is getting everything that is needed to help them get well. Some nurses can prescribe certain medications, just like doctors. Nowadays, you are more likely to receive medical care from a nurse than from a doctor, since nearly all doctors offices have nurse practitioners who can do almost anything the doctor would do. Implicit rationing of nursing care is an important newly identified organizational variable reflecting processes in acute care nursing and appears to be directly linked to patient outcomes. Rationing offers promise as a measure of the impacts of staffing and the quality of the nurse practice environment on patient outcomes. As an indicator of the understudied processes of care affected by organizational conditions in hospitals, measures of rationing could assist in building theory in this area of outcomes research. Rationing levels, analyzed alongside other data, may help health systems and hospitals determine the minimum staffing and skill mix levels necessary to achieve desired patient outcomes and inform administrative decisions and policy.

Review Of the City Of Mexico In The Age Of Diaz Essays -- essays res

The Great Divide University of California-Berkley geographer and author Michael Johns argues in his novel, The City of Mexico in the Age of Diaz, that the central Zocalo of Mexico City does more than geographically segregate the East from the West, but Mexico’s national mentality as well. During the years of Diaz’s democratic faà §ade, the upper classes thrived upon plantation exports, feudalist economics and the iron fist of Diaz’s rurales while struggling to maintain European social likeness. East of the Zocalo, shantytowns housed thousands of poor pelados that served as societal blemishes of a suburbanite’s experience. In Johns’s work, the penniless and indigenous serve as the scapegoats for the priviledged and their obsession with grooming Mexico City to be a little Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A growing affluent class called upon the Diaz regime and imported architects to construct buildings in the Zocalo to reflect a â€Å"proper† image that drew on influences from Europe and the United States. Johns recognizes the architectural dependence of the influential Mexicans constructing Mexico City when he states, â€Å"Mexican architecture, on the other hand, was an expression of a city run by a people who were looking to create their own culture while entirely dependent on the industry and ideas of Europe and America† (22). The same construction that the elite felt was a celebration of a newfound dignity in the Mexican people was criticized, by visitors and locals alike, as grandiose and a futile effort to shield the native roots of a circle of imposters. Johns’s argues that the â€Å"Mexicans knew little of their adopted European tradition, had acquired even less of its taste, and enjoyed none of its tranquility† (23). While the influence on the Westside led to development, the squalor and lack of authority of the peasants on the Eastside created mesones, or as Johns described them, â€Å"†¦a little more than ‘a bare spot to lie down in, a grass mat, company with (the) vermin that squalor breeds†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (48). Politics on the Westside of the Zocalo were concerned little with the living conditions of the majority. No one would undertake the unglamorous task of assisting the poor, but rather they attempted to veil the masses in the shadow of their refined buildings and recent assumption of culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another shield of the upper classes was t... ...rural hamlets, many in the big city drowned their sorrows in pulque †¦ it accounted for over 90 percent of all the alcohol drunk in the capital †¦ The suggestive power of a bright scene or an exotic name painted on the faà §ade was at times enhanced by a slogan like ‘Drink Pulque, Be Happy† (50-51). The little solace the masses gained from their wages was usually happily wasted in one night after the paycheck had arrived. Aspiring to drown their social inferiority, pulque crippled the east side’s population. In essence, both rich and poor yearned to gain acceptance, at conscious or subconscious levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico City in the Age of Diaz is a literary illustration of one country’s struggle to define itself as a modern, cultured nation. Written mainly in the upper class point of view, the poor masses are defamed as lesser, indigenous beings. This anxiety of the Westside population and â€Å"President† Diaz lead not to reform but to exploitation and ignorance of social dilemmas. Europe and the United States served as a model for these citizens who craved status and acceptance due to the inherent inferiority complex gained by a historically conquered people.

Conduct Books in the 18th Century Essay -- Literature

Conduct Books in the 18th Century Throughout history, conduct books have played an integral part in defining what cultures believed were acceptable and desirable behaviors, as well as representing the ideal person. In the introduction to The Ideology of Conduct, Nancy Armstrong and Leonard Tennenhouse attempt to show how literature and conduct books have been important in relaying these messages and shaping a history of sexuality through the ages. They also point out the interesting fact that these books of conduct have been aimed more at women and far "surpassed in quantity and variety" (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 4) similar types of literature for men. Some of the examples they list of types of conduct literature include pamphlets on marriage, books on manners and morality, and devotional manuals designated for women of the aristocracy. Even in our culture today this type of literature exists in the forms of advertisements, fashion magazines, and exercise books. Again, much of this type of literature is directed at women more than men, which these editors explain as an attempt to specify "what a woman should desire to be if she wishes to attract a socially approved male and keep him happy" (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 5). This makes sense because even today our society is patriarchal, constructed so that women many times have to count on financial support from a man. However, the introduction points out the irony of this, since not only is the desirable woman being defined, but also what a man should find desirable in a woman is defined. also note that this is not necessarily a contradiction, since "the gendered world of information we inhabit today reproduces and maintains the dominant view (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 5). ... ...n," women learn how to be more desirable for men in terms of today's standards. The focus seems to be on independence as well as sexual attractiveness, and although these qualities are quite different from those of the eighteenth century, they are still just as offensive. Just a few of the headings and articles give a clear idea of the messages being sent to women today: "Are you going too far to snag a man?" or "Bikini Body Bummers: Stretch Marks, Bikini Stubble, Flab, Back Acne--You name it, we help you banish it" and even "Cosmo's 10 Commandments" which include, among other things, "ditch the bitchy mood, fall for a nice guy, send thank you notes, keep underwear under cover, and never lose your cool." Even today conduct books remain an integral part of a culture's beliefs and ideals, documenting "a history of sexuality" (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 19) through time.